The Consumer Price Index (CPI) based retail inflation declined to a five-year low of 3.54 per cent in July 2024 mainly on account of subdued prices of food items, and base effect. It was 5.08 per cent in June 2024 and 7.44 per cent in July 2023. Retail inflation slipped below the median target of 4 per cent of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for the first time since September 2019 when it was at 3.99 per cent. The government has tasked the RBI to ensure inflation remains at 4 per cent with a margin of 2 per cent on either side. Inflation has remained below 6 per cent since September 2023.
The National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) in its data has showed that Rural CPI (General) in July 2024 stood at 4.10 per cent over 5.66 per cent in June 2024. The Urban CPI (General) stood at 2.98 per cent in July as against 4.39 per cent in June. The index value for Rural, Urban and Combined CPI (General) stood at 195.3, 190.2 and 192.9 respectively, in July 2024. The price data are collected from selected 1114 urban Markets and 1181 villages covering all States/UTs through personal visits by field staff of Field Operations Division of NSO, MoSPI on a weekly roster. During the month of July 2024, NSO collected prices from 100% villages and 98.5% urban markets while the market-wise prices reported therein were 88.71% for rural and 92.64% for urban.
According to the data, the CPI Inflation in the food basket was 5.42 per cent in July, down from 9.36 per cent in June, and 11.51 a year ago. The inflation rate for vegetables stood at 6.83 per cent in July, against June’s rate of 29.32 per cent. For cereals and pulses, which constitute a significant portion of India's staple diet, the prices quickened 8.14 per cent and 14.77 per cent respectively. The fuel and light prices contracted 5.48 per cent in July, against a contraction of 3.66 per cent in June. The annual inflation in ‘milk and milk products’ was 2.99 per cent, ‘oils and fats’ (-) 1.17, fruits 3.84 per cent, and spices (-) 1.43 per cent.